Lamp shade



July 28, 1936.

G. H. DEITSCH LAMP SHADE Filed Oct. 15, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet l ATTORNEY July 28, 1936. e. H. DEITSCH LAMP SHADE Filed oci. 13, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 R m N w m G H e BY ale/:92 p Ifscf) ATTORNEY.

Patented July 28,

UNi'iED v srAr s PATENT creme 7 LAMP SHADE George Henry: Deitsch, Niles, Mich., assignor to National Standard Company, Niles, Mich., a, corporation of Michigan Application October s, 1934, Serial No. 748,207 l Claims. (Cl. 2f10-108) 'I'his invention relates to articles such as lamp shades, and has to do both with an improved construction of such articles and with a simple and effective method of making them. 1

An object of the invention is to make a shade or the like of pleasing appearance which is light in weight and inexpensive toimanufacture. I It is a further object to do this in a manner pro-' viding a pattern (preferably of braided wire). outlined against a material of contrasting v color, and moreover I prefer to make the exteriOrarid interior of the shade of different colors which not only add to the appearancebut which also cooperatively determine the color of the light transmitted through the shade. V

Inone desirable arrangement, awire framework is formed, preferably of wire .braid arranged in a pattern providingrelatively wide spaces for the transmission of light. Upon this framework is superposed a series of films or layers, of suitable lacquer or enamel transparent or translucent materials, the outermost one of which is preferably transparent and colorless and envelopes and protects the wire of the frameworkwithout substantially alteringits a pear? ance. e

This leaves the wire outlined'and, contrasted against the color of the nextfilm or layer, which shows through in the spaces of the pattern, giving a novel and very pleasing exterior appear.-

' ance in a shade which can be made ata very low cost as compared to the usual silk-lined shade. The pattern is especially effective where the wire of the framework is braided, being woven or th: erwise arranged to give the desired pattern.

The outermost film is preferably formed of a cellulose compound, for example containing n1 trocellulose, dissolved in aconsiderable amount of solvent. As the solvent is driven off in drying this first film, the material is stretched out to give an extremelythin but tough film. under ten sion, supported by the wire framework. This makes the wire stand out prominently in a very pleasing manner.v I prefer to use for the second and intermediate coats or films a material such as cellulose acetate with a comparatively small amount of solvent, with a pigment or dye or a water color, applied for example by spraying or brushing in a manner such that it can be dried by driving off the relatively small amount of solvent before the latter attacks or injures the first film. The last or innermost coat or film is preferably of a. relatively refractory paint or the like capable of withstanding the heat inside the lamp.

, If it is desired to give the innermost film or layer a different color, this will determine the color of the interior of the shade, while the two colored films: cooperatively determine the color of the light transmitted through the shade. It 5 is also feasible to vary the color of the light so transmitted by providing a suitably colored intermediate film which is not visible by reflected light either from the exterior or the interior.

I. prefer to make the necessary framework by providing inner and outer supporting rings one of -which,, preferably the inner one, is formed with an annular series of slots; The braid or other Wire may then be arranged in loops, the center of each loop being arranged in one of the slots with the ends diverging therefrom, and interwovenor otherwise interconnected with the other loops in a suitable pattern, and with its ends soldered or otherwise secured to the unslotted ring.- I prefer to conceal these ends by means such as an encircling ring of braided wire or other material.

,The above and other objects and features of the invention, including various novel constructions and desirable specific features and method steps, will be apparent from the following description of-the illustrative construction shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly broken away to show the attached ends of some of the PP -Pi b a d d wi I Figure2'is an enlarged partial elevation of the encircling ringof braided wire which conceals the attached ends oi -the described loops;

Figure 3 is. a partial elevation showing the attaching of the loops to the inner slotted ring;

' -.'Figur'e i is a partial section, on the line IV--IV of Figure 3, showing how the braid passes through one of the slots;

, Figure 5 is va section on the line VV of Fig- 40 ure .2, but on a larger scale, and showing the structure of the encircling ring; and

Figure, 6 is apartial section through the finished shade, on the line VI-VI of Figure 3, showing the. arrangement of the above-described superposed films or layers of transparent or translucent material.

The shade is illustrated as mounted on a suitable support I0 carrying an electric bulb i2 arranged inside the shade, in such a manner that part of the lightfrom bulb i2 is reflected upwardly and part of it is transmitted through the shade.

The shade is preferably built up on a light but strong framework of braided wire or the like, the

braids being interwoven or otherwise connected in a desired pattern. The wire of the braid is first cleaned and plated, in any desired manner, both for ornamentation and protection.

In the particular arrangement illustrated, a number of loops M of wire braid are so interwoven, each with its center passing through one ring 20, by an ornamental encircling ring 2, shown as woven from wire braids 24. The ring, I8 is ordinarily concealed by being clamped be-,

tween the support It] and the bulb l2.

According to an important feature of the invention, instead of the usual silk lining, I form my novel shade with superposed films orlayers 26, 28, 30, 32, etc., of suitable transparent or translucent material such as lacquer, thin enam els or paints, and the like. These films are shown on' a much exaggerated scale in Figure 6.

The outer film 26 is preferably ofone of the numerous transparent and substantially colorless but very tough lacquers made of cellulose or artificial resinous material, for example a solution of nitrocellulose in butyl lactate. An example might be: I

106 lbs. cellulose nitrate, 27 gallons toluol, 13

. gallons butyl acetate, 4 gallons butylfalcohol,

' the wire.

and 2 gallons dibutyl phthalate. I

If necessary,-more butyl lactate is added until the solution is as thin as will form a continuous film supported by the framework and {bridging the spaces therein when the framework is dipped into the solution; When such a film is dried by driving off the solvent, it becomes extremely thin but tough, stretching out and drying under tension. This makes the wire stand out prominent ly, and lends emphasis to the pattern-made by Various other lacquersare commercially known, and may be used, consisting of various mixtures of cellulose nitrate or acetate, with a plasticizer or a resin or both in some cases, and with a solvent such as butylacetatabutyl alcohol, ether, or acetone; or a mixture; Ifind the cellulose nitrate or acetate solutions with butyl lactate as the solvent,'to be also;'very good for my purpose. The framework is preferably dipped in'to this material, as described, which therefore not only bridges across and closes-the relative wide spaces in the pattern between the sections of braid 14, but also incloses and protects the wire strands in the braid without substantially altering its appearance.

This film is then dried, or heatedyor otherwise treated to drive off the solvent, and to form. it into a permanent extremely thin but tough transparent film stretched'under tension .upon

the wire of framework and which may serve as'a support for the other films 28, '30, 32, etc; These inner films therefore'need not necessarilybe of material having any great tensile strength.

The second film 28 is preferably of the color desired for the'exterior of the shade, and shows through the transparent outer film 26. As'film 28 underlies. the braid M, the braid isoutlined against this color in a pattern determined by the arrangement of the braid, and shown with relatively wide intervening spaces'in which the color of film 28 shows through. This gives a very The halves oi each loop pleasing exterior appearance to the shade. I prefer to form this second film by spraying or brushing upon theiinside of film 26 a solution containing, with a cellulose compound such as cellulose acetate and a pigment or.a ,dye or even a water color, a relatively small amount of sol-' of film28, and is preferably of a relatively refractory material such as a paint or enamel to withstandthe heat inside the lamp. A'fast 'dry- 'ing clear enamel containing a pigment of the dea difierent color, preferably in pleasing contrast to the color sired color may be used. The color of film 32 de- .termines the color of the upwardly-reflected light,

as well as the color of the shade when viewed from the interior.

dissolved in butyl lactate or the like, andsprayed in place. However, I prefer touse 'afast drying clear enamel having added. thereto a"sma ll amountof coaltar dye of the desired fcolor;

"One quick-drying "clear enamel paint suitable for. use as described above'may be made by com- 'ofeellulose' material, or merely a suitable dye bining lbs. Amberol (F7), 10 gallons Qhina' wood'oil, 5 gallons two and one-half hour linseed oil, 3 lbs. fused lead resinate; and 35 gallonsot'a suitable mineral thinner; The Amberol and China wood oil are heated at 540 F.,thetem'- perature being raised to 560 F. just before the mixture is removed from the fire} the linseed oil and lead resinate are added and the'i'nixture allowed 'to stand some time at. 500fli'i; and "the mixture is then 'cooled'to ""450" F ,at which temperature the thinner is added. While one illustrative embodiment 'hasbeen described in detail, it'is not my intention to limit the scope of the invention to that particular embodiment, or otherwise than by the terms of the appended claims.

I claim: I 1. A lamp shade or the like comprising a'njunljointed'wire framework arranged 'in a pattern,

a film of transparent material overlying said pattern and enveloping and protectinglthe wire of said framework without substantially alter.-

ing its appearance from the exterior of theshade, a film'of colored material"superposed ion the inner surface of the first film and ."showihg through the first film as determined by said pat; tern and in contrast to the .wire of jsaid: pattern, and .a third filmof colored material arranged on 'the inner side of theseco nd filrn' and determining the color of thev shade when viewed internally, said two colored films cooperatively determining the color ofthe'jlight trans mitted through said shade.

'2. A lamp shade or the like comprising inner and outer rings, one of whichhas an annular series of slots, and wire braid woven in a pattern of a series of loops each passing through one of said slots at its center and diverging therefrom and having its ends securedto the ur islott ed ring, together with superposed films of light- 75 transmitting material bridging the spaces in said pattern and with the outermost film enveloping and protecting said wire braid.

3. A lamp shade or the like comprising inner and outer rings, the inner and smaller one of which has an annular series of slots, and wire braid woven in a pattern of a series of loops each passing through one of said slots at its center and diverging therefrom and having its ends secured to the outer and larger ring, and a braided wire ring encircling said outer ring and concealing the ends of said loops attached thereto, together with superposed films of light-transmitting material bridging the spaces in said pattern and with the outermost film enveloping and protecting said wire braid.

4. A lamp shade or the like comprising an unjointed wire iramework and superposed films of difierent colors, the outer one of which is.transparent and envelops and protects the wire of the framework while leaving the wire fully exposed as a pattern outlined against the color of a different film underlying the outer film, said different film and the innermost film being of different colors determining the exterior and interior colors of the shade and one of the intermediate films being of another color not visible by reflected light either from the exterior or interior of the shade and which combines with said other two films of different colors cooperatively to determine the color of the light transmitted through said shade.

GEORGE HENRY DEITSCH. 

